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合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備

發布日期:2022-01-21 瀏覽次(ci)數(shu):34450

目前我國生產合成鎂鈣砂所(suo)使用的(de)原料(liao)有菱(ling)(ling)鎂石(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)。所(suo)采用的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝為二步煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)成工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。即(ji)先將菱(ling)(ling)鎂石(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)在較低的(de)溫度(du)下輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),生(sheng)產出(chu)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化鎂、輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)(shi)和(he)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)。然后(hou)進行配料(liao)、磨細、混料(liao)、成型,最后(hou)經過(guo)高溫煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)出(chu)不同(tong)牌號的(de)合(he)成鎂鈣(gai)砂。具體的(de)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝有半(ban)干(gan)法(fa)壓坯、隧道(dao)窯煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝;半(ban)干(gan)法(fa)壓球、焦炭豎窯煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝;干(gan)法(fa)壓球、高溫燃油豎窯和(he)回轉窯煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。

合成鎂鈣砂.jpg

1、半干法(fa)壓坯、隧(sui)道窯煅燒工(gong)藝(yi)該(gai)煅燒工(gong)藝(yi)

生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。

2、半干(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)球(qiu)、焦炭(tan)豎窯煅燒工(gong)藝

該煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝生(sheng)產合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)鈣(gai)砂是以輕(qing)燒(shao)白云石和輕(qing)燒(shao)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)為(wei)原料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。將輕(qing)燒(shao)白云石和輕(qing)燒(shao)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別磨成(cheng)(cheng)細(xi)粉,計量后按比(bi)例加入(ru)(ru)輪碾機(ji)中再加水(shui)混合(he),混好(hao)的(de)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在雙(shuang)輥壓球機(ji)上壓成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)球,干(gan)燥后裝入(ru)(ru)以焦炭(tan)(tan)或無(wu)煙(yan)煤(mei)為(wei)燃料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)豎(shu)窯內煅燒(shao)。裝料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)方(fang)式是焦炭(tan)(tan)或無(wu)煙(yan)煤(mei)和料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)球分(fen)(fen)(fen)層裝入(ru)(ru)。我國遼寧省生(sheng)產合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)鈣(gai)砂的(de)企業中,大部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)采用該煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝。所用豎(shu)窯的(de)規格一(yi)般為(wei)3m×16m。該煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝簡單,產品成(cheng)(cheng)本低,但在煅燒(shao)過程中料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)球和焦炭(tan)(tan)混在一(yi)起,焦炭(tan)(tan)燃燒(shao)產生(sheng)的(de)灰分(fen)(fen)(fen)有一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)混入(ru)(ru)到(dao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)球中,增加了產品的(de)雜質含(han)量。

3、干法(fa)壓(ya)球(qiu)、燃油(you)豎窯煅燒工藝

該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝用(yong)于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)高(gao)純(chun)度合成(cheng)鎂鈣(gai)砂。將(jiang)高(gao)純(chun)度輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂和(he)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石配(pei)(pei)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、混合磨細(xi)后(hou),直接將(jiang)干(gan)粉料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)送入高(gao)壓壓球(qiu)機中干(gan)壓成(cheng)球(qiu),然后(hou)再送入高(gao)溫燃(ran)(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)內煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝的優勢是燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)油(you)噴入到(dao)(dao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)層(ceng)內,在料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)層(ceng)內部燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)溫度高(gao),可達到(dao)(dao)1800℃以(yi)上;燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)后(hou)不(bu)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)灰分,對物料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的純(chun)度沒有影響。目前,國內采用(yong)該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)合成(cheng)鎂鈣(gai)砂的企業,只有南(nan)方一(yi)家公(gong)司。該(gai)公(gong)司燃(ran)(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)的規格為(wei)φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)的工(gong)作襯(chen)用(yong)高(gao)純(chun)度堿性耐火制品砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu),厚度為(wei)350mm。工(gong)作襯(chen)于(yu)窯(yao)體鋼殼(ke)之間用(yong)輕質保溫磚砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)。以(yi)重(zhong)柴油(you)為(wei)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)溫度>1800℃。設計4排(pai)(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴,上下(xia)布置,間距900mm。每排(pai)(pai)設計16支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴,沿(yan)圓(yuan)周(zhou)均布。采用(yong)無(wu)冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴,每支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴配(pei)(pei)一(yi)臺(tai)計量泵供油(you),一(yi)次空氣由羅茨風機供應。實際生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中使用(yong)一(yi)排(pai)(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴。連續裝(zhuang)窯(yao)和(he)出窯(yao),全(quan)部自動化控制,生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能力(li)。

4、干法壓球、回轉窯煅(duan)燒工藝

目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。


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