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樂山合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備

發(fa)布(bu)日期:2022-01-21 瀏覽次數(shu):34901

目前我國生產樂山合成鎂鈣砂所使用的原料(liao)(liao)有菱鎂石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白(bai)云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)。所采(cai)用的工(gong)藝為二(er)步煅燒(shao)(shao)、入(ru)工(gong)合(he)成工(gong)藝。即先將(jiang)菱鎂石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白(bai)云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)在較低(di)的溫(wen)度下(xia)輕燒(shao)(shao),生(sheng)產出(chu)輕燒(shao)(shao)氧化鎂、輕燒(shao)(shao)白(bai)云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰。然后(hou)進行(xing)配(pei)料(liao)(liao)、磨細、混(hun)料(liao)(liao)、成型,最后(hou)經過(guo)高溫(wen)煅燒(shao)(shao),煅燒(shao)(shao)出(chu)不(bu)同(tong)牌號的合(he)成鎂鈣砂。具體的煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝有半干(gan)(gan)法壓坯(pi)、隧道窯(yao)煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝;半干(gan)(gan)法壓球、焦炭豎窯(yao)煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝;干(gan)(gan)法壓球、高溫(wen)燃油(you)豎窯(yao)和(he)回轉窯(yao)煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝。

樂山合成鎂鈣砂.jpg

1、半干法壓坯、隧道窯煅燒(shao)(shao)工藝該煅燒(shao)(shao)工藝

生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。

2、半干法壓球、焦炭豎(shu)窯煅燒工藝

該(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣(gai)砂(sha)是(shi)以輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化鎂(mei)為(wei)原料(liao)。將輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化鎂(mei)分(fen)別磨(mo)成(cheng)(cheng)細(xi)粉,計量(liang)后按比例加入輪碾機中再加水混(hun)合(he),混(hun)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)在雙輥(gun)壓(ya)球(qiu)機上壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)球(qiu),干燥后裝入以焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)炭(tan)或無煙(yan)(yan)煤為(wei)燃料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)豎窯內煅燒(shao)(shao)。裝料(liao)方(fang)式是(shi)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)炭(tan)或無煙(yan)(yan)煤和(he)料(liao)球(qiu)分(fen)層(ceng)裝入。我(wo)國(guo)遼寧省生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣(gai)砂(sha)的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業中,大部(bu)分(fen)采用(yong)該(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)(yi)。所用(yong)豎窯的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)格一般為(wei)3m×16m。該(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)(yi)簡單,產(chan)(chan)品成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)低,但在煅燒(shao)(shao)過程(cheng)中料(liao)球(qiu)和(he)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)炭(tan)混(hun)在一起,焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)炭(tan)燃燒(shao)(shao)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)灰分(fen)有一部(bu)分(fen)混(hun)入到(dao)料(liao)球(qiu)中,增加了產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)雜質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)。

3、干法壓球、燃油(you)豎窯煅燒(shao)工藝

該(gai)(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)用(yong)于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)高純度(du)合成(cheng)鎂鈣砂(sha)。將高純度(du)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂和輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石配料(liao)(liao)、混(hun)合磨細后(hou),直接將干粉料(liao)(liao)送入(ru)高壓(ya)壓(ya)球(qiu)(qiu)機(ji)(ji)中干壓(ya)成(cheng)球(qiu)(qiu),然后(hou)再送入(ru)高溫(wen)(wen)燃(ran)(ran)油(you)(you)豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)內(nei)(nei)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)優勢(shi)是燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)油(you)(you)噴入(ru)到(dao)料(liao)(liao)層內(nei)(nei),在料(liao)(liao)層內(nei)(nei)部(bu)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)高,可達到(dao)1800℃以上;燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)后(hou)不產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)灰分,對物料(liao)(liao)的(de)純度(du)沒(mei)有(you)影響(xiang)。目前(qian),國內(nei)(nei)采用(yong)該(gai)(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)合成(cheng)鎂鈣砂(sha)的(de)企(qi)業,只(zhi)有(you)南方一(yi)家公司。該(gai)(gai)公司燃(ran)(ran)油(you)(you)豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)的(de)規(gui)格為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)(yao)的(de)工(gong)(gong)作襯用(yong)高純度(du)堿(jian)性(xing)耐火制品砌(qi)(qi)筑,厚(hou)度(du)為350mm。工(gong)(gong)作襯于窯(yao)(yao)體鋼殼之間(jian)用(yong)輕質保溫(wen)(wen)磚砌(qi)(qi)筑。以重柴(chai)油(you)(you)為燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)>1800℃。設(she)(she)計4排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),上下布置,間(jian)距900mm。每排設(she)(she)計16支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),沿圓周均(jun)布。采用(yong)無冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),每支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)配一(yi)臺計量泵供油(you)(you),一(yi)次空氣(qi)由羅茨風機(ji)(ji)供應。實際生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中使用(yong)一(yi)排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)。連續(xu)裝窯(yao)(yao)和出窯(yao)(yao),全部(bu)自動化控制,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能力。

4、干法壓球、回轉窯煅燒工藝

目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。


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