廣安合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發布日期:2022-01-21 瀏覽次數:34957目前我國生產廣安合成鎂鈣砂所使用(yong)的(de)原料(liao)有菱鎂(mei)石(shi)、白(bai)云(yun)石(shi)和石(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)。所采(cai)用(yong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝為二步煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)(gong)合成工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。即先(xian)將(jiang)菱鎂(mei)石(shi)、白(bai)云(yun)石(shi)和石(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)在較低的(de)溫度下輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),生產出(chu)輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)、輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白(bai)云(yun)石(shi)和生石(shi)灰(hui)。然后進行配料(liao)、磨細、混料(liao)、成型,最后經過(guo)高(gao)溫煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)出(chu)不同牌(pai)號(hao)的(de)合成鎂(mei)鈣砂。具體(ti)的(de)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝有半干法(fa)壓坯、隧道窯(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝;半干法(fa)壓球、焦(jiao)炭豎(shu)窯(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝;干法(fa)壓球、高(gao)溫燃油豎(shu)窯(yao)和回(hui)轉窯(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。
1、半(ban)干法壓坯、隧道窯煅(duan)(duan)燒工(gong)藝(yi)該煅(duan)(duan)燒工(gong)藝(yi)
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半干(gan)法壓(ya)球、焦炭豎窯煅燒工藝
該(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝生產合成(cheng)(cheng)鎂鈣(gai)砂是以(yi)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白(bai)(bai)云(yun)石和(he)(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂為原料。將輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白(bai)(bai)云(yun)石和(he)(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂分別磨(mo)成(cheng)(cheng)細粉,計(ji)量后(hou)按(an)比例加(jia)入輪碾機中再加(jia)水(shui)混(hun)(hun)合,混(hun)(hun)好的(de)合成(cheng)(cheng)料在(zai)雙輥(gun)壓球(qiu)機上壓成(cheng)(cheng)料球(qiu),干燥(zao)后(hou)裝入以(yi)焦炭或無煙煤為燃料的(de)豎(shu)(shu)窯內煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)。裝料方式是焦炭或無煙煤和(he)(he)料球(qiu)分層裝入。我國遼寧省生產合成(cheng)(cheng)鎂鈣(gai)砂的(de)企業(ye)中,大(da)部(bu)分采用該(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝。所(suo)用豎(shu)(shu)窯的(de)規格一般為3m×16m。該(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝簡單,產品(pin)(pin)成(cheng)(cheng)本低(di),但在(zai)煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)過程中料球(qiu)和(he)(he)焦炭混(hun)(hun)在(zai)一起(qi),焦炭燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)產生的(de)灰分有(you)一部(bu)分混(hun)(hun)入到料球(qiu)中,增(zeng)加(jia)了產品(pin)(pin)的(de)雜質含(han)量。
3、干(gan)法壓球(qiu)、燃油豎窯煅(duan)燒工藝(yi)
該(gai)(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝用(yong)于(yu)生產高(gao)純(chun)度(du)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂鈣砂。將高(gao)純(chun)度(du)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂和輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石配(pei)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、混合(he)磨細后(hou),直接將干粉料(liao)(liao)(liao)送入(ru)(ru)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)球機中(zhong)干壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)球,然(ran)后(hou)再送入(ru)(ru)高(gao)溫(wen)燃(ran)油豎窯內(nei)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種(zhong)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝的優勢(shi)是(shi)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)油噴入(ru)(ru)到(dao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)層內(nei),在(zai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)層內(nei)部燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)高(gao),可達到(dao)1800℃以上(shang);燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)后(hou)不產生灰分,對物料(liao)(liao)(liao)的純(chun)度(du)沒有影響。目前,國內(nei)采用(yong)該(gai)(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝生產合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂鈣砂的企(qi)業,只(zhi)有南方一(yi)家公司。該(gai)(gai)公司燃(ran)油豎窯的規格為(wei)φ1.75m×11.5m,窯的工(gong)作襯(chen)用(yong)高(gao)純(chun)度(du)堿性耐火制(zhi)品砌(qi)筑(zhu),厚度(du)為(wei)350mm。工(gong)作襯(chen)于(yu)窯體鋼殼之間(jian)用(yong)輕質保溫(wen)磚砌(qi)筑(zhu)。以重柴(chai)油為(wei)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)>1800℃。設計(ji)(ji)4排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),上(shang)下(xia)布置,間(jian)距900mm。每排(pai)設計(ji)(ji)16支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),沿圓周均布。采用(yong)無冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),每支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)配(pei)一(yi)臺計(ji)(ji)量(liang)泵供油,一(yi)次空氣由羅茨風機供應(ying)。實際生產中(zhong)使用(yong)一(yi)排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)。連續裝窯和出窯,全部自動化(hua)控制(zhi),生產能力。
4、干法壓(ya)球、回(hui)轉窯煅燒工藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。