甘孜合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發布日期:2022-01-21 瀏覽次數:34932目前我國生產甘孜合成鎂鈣砂所使用的(de)原(yuan)料有菱鎂(mei)石(shi)、白云石(shi)和石(shi)灰石(shi)。所采用的(de)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)為(wei)二步煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)、入工(gong)合成(cheng)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。即先將菱鎂(mei)石(shi)、白云石(shi)和石(shi)灰石(shi)在較低的(de)溫度下輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao),生(sheng)產出(chu)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)、輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)和生(sheng)石(shi)灰。然(ran)后進(jin)行配料、磨細、混料、成(cheng)型,最后經過高溫煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao),煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)出(chu)不(bu)同牌號的(de)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂。具體(ti)的(de)煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)有半(ban)干法(fa)壓坯、隧(sui)道窯(yao)(yao)煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi);半(ban)干法(fa)壓球、焦炭豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi);干法(fa)壓球、高溫燃(ran)油豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)和回(hui)轉窯(yao)(yao)煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。
1、半干法壓坯、隧道(dao)窯煅(duan)(duan)燒工(gong)藝該煅(duan)(duan)燒工(gong)藝
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半干(gan)法壓球、焦炭豎窯煅燒工藝(yi)
該煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)藝生(sheng)產(chan)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂是(shi)(shi)以輕(qing)燒(shao)白云石(shi)和(he)(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)氧化(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)為(wei)(wei)原料(liao)。將輕(qing)燒(shao)白云石(shi)和(he)(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)氧化(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)分別(bie)磨成(cheng)(cheng)細粉,計量后按比例(li)加入輪碾機(ji)中(zhong)再(zai)加水混合(he),混好的(de)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)在雙輥壓(ya)(ya)球(qiu)機(ji)上壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)球(qiu),干燥后裝入以焦(jiao)(jiao)炭(tan)或無(wu)煙煤(mei)為(wei)(wei)燃料(liao)的(de)豎窯內煅(duan)燒(shao)。裝料(liao)方式是(shi)(shi)焦(jiao)(jiao)炭(tan)或無(wu)煙煤(mei)和(he)(he)料(liao)球(qiu)分層裝入。我國遼寧省生(sheng)產(chan)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂的(de)企業中(zhong),大(da)部分采用該煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)藝。所用豎窯的(de)規格(ge)一般(ban)為(wei)(wei)3m×16m。該煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)藝簡單(dan),產(chan)品(pin)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)低,但在煅(duan)燒(shao)過程(cheng)中(zhong)料(liao)球(qiu)和(he)(he)焦(jiao)(jiao)炭(tan)混在一起,焦(jiao)(jiao)炭(tan)燃燒(shao)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)灰(hui)分有一部分混入到料(liao)球(qiu)中(zhong),增加了(le)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)雜質含量。
3、干法壓球(qiu)、燃油(you)豎窯(yao)煅燒工藝(yi)
該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝用于生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)高(gao)純(chun)度(du)合(he)(he)成鎂鈣砂(sha)。將高(gao)純(chun)度(du)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云(yun)石配(pei)料(liao)(liao)、混合(he)(he)磨細(xi)后(hou),直接(jie)將干粉料(liao)(liao)送(song)(song)入(ru)(ru)(ru)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)球機(ji)中(zhong)干壓(ya)(ya)成球,然后(hou)再送(song)(song)入(ru)(ru)(ru)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)(yao)(yao)內煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。這(zhe)種(zhong)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝的(de)優勢是燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)油(you)噴入(ru)(ru)(ru)到料(liao)(liao)層(ceng)(ceng)內,在(zai)料(liao)(liao)層(ceng)(ceng)內部燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)高(gao),可達到1800℃以上(shang);燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)后(hou)不產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)灰分,對物料(liao)(liao)的(de)純(chun)度(du)沒有影響(xiang)。目前,國內采(cai)用該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)合(he)(he)成鎂鈣砂(sha)的(de)企業,只有南方一(yi)家公司。該公司燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)規格(ge)為(wei)(wei)(wei)φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)襯用高(gao)純(chun)度(du)堿性耐火(huo)制(zhi)品(pin)砌筑,厚度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)350mm。工(gong)作(zuo)襯于窯(yao)(yao)(yao)體鋼(gang)殼之間用輕(qing)質保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)磚砌筑。以重(zhong)柴(chai)油(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)>1800℃。設計(ji)4排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui),上(shang)下(xia)布置(zhi),間距900mm。每排設計(ji)16支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui),沿(yan)圓(yuan)周均(jun)布。采(cai)用無(wu)冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui),每支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)配(pei)一(yi)臺計(ji)量泵供(gong)(gong)油(you),一(yi)次空氣由羅茨風機(ji)供(gong)(gong)應。實際(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)使用一(yi)排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)。連續裝(zhuang)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)出窯(yao)(yao)(yao),全部自動(dong)化(hua)控制(zhi),生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能力。
4、干(gan)法壓(ya)球、回轉窯煅燒工藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。