天津合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發布(bu)日(ri)期:2022-01-21 瀏覽次數(shu):34715目前我國生產天津合成鎂鈣砂所使用的(de)原料(liao)(liao)有菱(ling)鎂(mei)(mei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白(bai)云(yun)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)。所采用的(de)工(gong)(gong)藝為(wei)二步(bu)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)合成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)藝。即(ji)先(xian)將菱(ling)鎂(mei)(mei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白(bai)云(yun)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)在較低的(de)溫度(du)下輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao),生產出輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化鎂(mei)(mei)、輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白(bai)云(yun)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和生石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰。然后(hou)進行(xing)配料(liao)(liao)、磨細、混料(liao)(liao)、成(cheng)型,最(zui)后(hou)經過高溫煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)出不同牌號的(de)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂。具體的(de)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝有半(ban)干(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)坯、隧道窯(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝;半(ban)干(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)球、焦炭豎(shu)窯(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝;干(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)球、高溫燃油豎(shu)窯(yao)和回(hui)轉窯(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝。
1、半(ban)干法(fa)壓坯、隧道窯煅(duan)燒(shao)工藝該煅(duan)燒(shao)工藝
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半干法壓球、焦炭豎窯煅燒工藝
該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)生(sheng)產合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂鈣砂是以輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石和(he)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化鎂為原料。將輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石和(he)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化鎂分(fen)別磨成(cheng)(cheng)細粉,計量后(hou)按比例加入輪(lun)碾(nian)機中(zhong)再加水混合(he),混好的(de)(de)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)料在雙輥壓球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)機上壓成(cheng)(cheng)料球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),干(gan)燥后(hou)裝入以焦炭(tan)或無煙煤(mei)為燃料的(de)(de)豎(shu)窯內煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)。裝料方式是焦炭(tan)或無煙煤(mei)和(he)料球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)分(fen)層裝入。我國(guo)遼寧省生(sheng)產合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂鈣砂的(de)(de)企業中(zhong),大部(bu)分(fen)采用(yong)該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)。所用(yong)豎(shu)窯的(de)(de)規格(ge)一(yi)(yi)般為3m×16m。該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)簡(jian)單(dan),產品成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)低,但在煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)過程中(zhong)料球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)和(he)焦炭(tan)混在一(yi)(yi)起,焦炭(tan)燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)灰分(fen)有(you)一(yi)(yi)部(bu)分(fen)混入到料球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)中(zhong),增加了產品的(de)(de)雜質(zhi)含量。
3、干(gan)法壓球(qiu)、燃(ran)油豎窯煅燒(shao)工藝
該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)用(yong)于(yu)生(sheng)產高純度(du)(du)合成鎂鈣(gai)砂。將(jiang)高純度(du)(du)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂和(he)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云(yun)石配料、混合磨細后(hou),直接將(jiang)干粉料送入(ru)高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后(hou)再送入(ru)高溫燃(ran)油(you)(you)豎(shu)窯(yao)內煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。這(zhe)種煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)優勢是燃(ran)料油(you)(you)噴入(ru)到料層內,在(zai)料層內部燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫度(du)(du)高,可達(da)到1800℃以上;燃(ran)料燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)后(hou)不產生(sheng)灰分,對物料的(de)(de)純度(du)(du)沒有影響。目前,國內采用(yong)該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)生(sheng)產合成鎂鈣(gai)砂的(de)(de)企業,只有南(nan)方一家公司(si)。該公司(si)燃(ran)油(you)(you)豎(shu)窯(yao)的(de)(de)規格為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作襯用(yong)高純度(du)(du)堿性耐(nai)火制品砌筑(zhu),厚度(du)(du)為350mm。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作襯于(yu)窯(yao)體鋼殼之間用(yong)輕質(zhi)保(bao)溫磚砌筑(zhu)。以重柴(chai)油(you)(you)為燃(ran)料,煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫度(du)(du)>1800℃。設計4排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),上下布(bu)(bu)置,間距(ju)900mm。每(mei)排設計16支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),沿圓(yuan)周均布(bu)(bu)。采用(yong)無冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),每(mei)支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)配一臺計量泵(beng)供油(you)(you),一次空氣由羅茨(ci)風機供應。實際生(sheng)產中使用(yong)一排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)。連(lian)續裝窯(yao)和(he)出(chu)窯(yao),全部自動(dong)化(hua)控制,生(sheng)產能力。
4、干法壓球、回轉窯煅燒工藝(yi)
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。